Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Polystyrene shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Polystyrene offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Polystyrene at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Polystyrene? Wrong! If the Polystyrene is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about Polystyrene then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Polystyrene? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Polystyrene and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Polystyrene wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your Polystyrene then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Polystyrene site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about Polystyrene, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your Polystyrene, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em" ||-! colspan="2" align=center bgcolor="#cccccc" |Polystyrene|-|Density|-|[Specific Gravity (s)|10-16 [siemens (unit)/metre|-|Thermal conductivity (k)]|-|Young's modulus (E)]Pascal (unit)|-|Tensile strength (st)]Pascal (unit)|-|Elongation at break|3–4%|-|Notch test]/square metre|-|Glass transition temperature|95 °Degree Celsius|-|Melting point International Labour Organisation chemical safety card for polystyrene]|-|Vicat softening point|90 °Degree CelsiusA.K. vam der Vegt & L.E. Govaert, Polymeren, van keten tot kunstof, ISBN 90-407-2388-5|-|Heat transfer coefficient (Q)]2Kelvin)|-|Coefficient of thermal expansion|8 10-5 /Kelvin|-|Specific heat capacity (c)|1.3 kJ/(kg·K)|-|Absorption (chemistry) (ASTM)|0.03–0.1|-|Decomposition made from the [monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured from petroleum by the chemical industry. At room temperature, polystyrene is normally a solid thermoplastic, but can be melted at higher temperature for Molding (process) or extrusion, then resolidified. Styrene is an Aromaticity monomer, and polystyrene is an aromatic polymer.

Polystyrene was accidentally discovered in 1839 by Eduard Simon, The history of plastics an apothecary in Berlin. From storax, the resin of Liquidambar, he distilled an oily substance, a monomer which he named styrol. Several days later Simon found that the styrol had thickened, presumably from oxidation, into a jelly he dubbed styrol oxide ("Styroloxyd"). By 1845 English chemist John Blyth and German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann showed that the same transformation of styrol took place in the absence of oxygen. They called their substance metastyrol. Analysis later showed that it was chemically identical to Styroloxyd. In 1866 Marcelin Berthelot correctly identified the formation of metastyrol from styrol as a polymerization process. About 80 years went by before it was realized that heating of styrol starts a chain reaction which produces macromolecules, following the thesis of German organic chemist Hermann Staudinger (1881–1965). This eventually led to the substance receiving its present name, polystyrene. The IG Farben company began manufacturing polystyrene in Ludwigshafen, about 1931, hoping it would be a suitable replacement for die cast zinc in many applications. Success was achieved when they developed a reactor vessel that extruded polystyrene through a heated tube and cutter, producing polystyrene in pellet form.

Pure solid polystyrene is a colorless, hard plastic with limited flexibility. It can be cast into molds with fine detail. Polystyrene can be Transparency (optics) or can be made to take on various colors. It is economical and is used for producing plastic model assembly kits, license plate frames, plastic cutlery, CD and DVD packaging, and many other objects where a fairly rigid, economical plastic of any of various colors is desired.

Solid foam Polystyrene's most common use, however, is as expanded polystyrene (EPS). Expanded polystyrene is produced from a mixture of about 90-95% polystyrene and 5-10% gaseous blowing agent, most commonly pentane or carbon dioxide. The solid plastic is expanded into a foam through the use of heat, usually steam. Extruded polystyrene (XPS), which is different from expanded polystyrene (EPS), is commonly known by the trade name Styrofoam. The voids filled with trapped air give it low thermal conductivity. This makes it ideal as a construction material and it is therefore sometimes used in structural insulated panel building systems. It is also used as Thermal insulation in building structures, as molded packing material for cushioning fragile equipment inside boxes, as packing "peanuts", as non-weight-bearing architectural structures (such as column), and also in crafts and model (physical) building, particularly Architecture models. Foamed between two sheets of paper, it makes a more-uniform substitute for corrugated cardboard, tradenamed Fome-Cor. A more unexpected use for the material is as a lightweight fill for embankments in the civil engineering industry http://www.vencel.co.uk/products/civil/design.htm.

Expanded polystyrene used to contain Chlorofluorocarbons, but other, more environmentally-safe blowing agents are now used. Because it is an aromatic hydrocarbon, it burns with an orange-yellow flame, giving off soot, as opposed to non-aromatic hydrocarbon polymers such as polyethylene, which burn with a light yellow flame (often with a blue tinge) and no soot.

Production methods include sheet stamping (PS) and injection molding (both PS and HIPS).

The chemical makeup of polystyrene is a long chain hydrocarbon with every other carbon connected to a Phenyl group (an aromatic ring similar to benzene).



A 3-D model would show that each of the chirality (chemistry) backbone carbons lies at the center of a tetrahedron, with its 4 chemical bond pointing toward the vertices. Say the -C-C- bonds are rotated so that the backbone chain lies entirely in the plane of the diagram. From this flat schematic, it is not evident which of the phenyl (benzene) groups are angled toward us from the plane of the diagram, and which ones are angled away. The isomer where all of them are on the same side is called isotactic polystyrene, which is not produced commercially. Ordinary atactic polystyrene has these large phenyl groups randomness distributed on both sides of the chain. This random positioning prevents the chains from ever aligning with sufficient regularity to achieve any crystallinity, so the plastic has no melting temperature, Tm. But metallocene-catalysis polymerization can produce an ordered syndiotactic polystyrene with the phenyl groups on alternating sides. This form is highly crystalline with a Tm of 270 °C.

Standard markings The resin identification code symbol for polystyrene, developed by the Society of the Plastics Industry so that items can be labeled for easy recycling, is . However, the majority of polystyrene products are currently not recycled because of a lack of suitable recycling facilities. Furthermore, when it is "recycled," it is not a closed loop — polystyrene cups and other packaging materials are usually recycled into fillers in other plastics, or other items that cannot themselves be recycled and is thrown away.

Copolymers Pure polystyrene is toughness, but hardness enough that a fairly high-performance product can be made by giving it some of the properties of a stretchier material, such as polybutadiene rubber. The two such materials can never normally be mixed because of the amplified effect of Polymers#Intermolecular forces on polymer insolubility (see plastic recycling), but if polybutadiene is added during polymerization it can become chemically bonded to the polystyrene, forming a graft copolymer which helps to incorporate normal polybutadiene into the final mix, resulting in high-impact polystyrene or HIPS, often called "high-impact plastic" in advertisements. One commercial name for HIPS is Bextrene. Common applications include use in toys and product casings. HIPS is usually Injection moulding in production. Autoclaving polystyrene can compress and harden the material.

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or ABS plastic is similar to HIPS: a copolymer of acrylonitrile and styrene, toughened with polybutadiene. Most electronics cases are made of this form of polystyrene, as are many sewer pipes. ABS pipes may become brittle over time.

Styrene can be copolymerized with other monomers; for example, divinylbenzene for cross-linking the polystyrene chains.

Cutting and shaping Expanded polystyrene is very easily cut with a hot-wire foam cutter, which is easily made by a heated a taut length of wire, usually nichrome because of nichrome's resistance to oxidation at high temperatures and its suitable electrical conductivity. The hot wire foam cutter works by heating the wire to the point where it can vaporize foam immediately adjacent to it. The foam gets vaporized before actually touching the heated wire, which yields exceptionally smooth cuts.

Polystyrene, shaped and cut with hot wire foam cutters, is used in architecture models, actual signage, amusement parks, movie sets, airplane construction, and much more. Such cutters may cost just a few dollars (for a completely manual cutter) to tens of thousands of dollars for large CNC machines that can be used in high-volume industrial production.

Polystyrene can also be cut with a traditional cutter. In order to do this without ruining the sides of the blade one must first dip the blade in water and cut with the blade at an angle of about 30º. The procedure has to be repeated multiple times for best results.

Polystyrene can also be cut on 3 and 5-axis routers, enabling large-scale prototyping and model-making. Special polystyrene cutters are available that look more like large cylindrical rasps.

Use in biology Petri dishes and other containers such as test tubes, made of polystyrene, play an important role in biomedical research and science. For these uses, articles are almost always made by injection molding, and often sterilized post molding, either by irradiation or treatment with ethylene oxide. Post mold surface modification, usually with oxygen rich plasmas, is often done to introduce polar groups. Much of modern biomedical research relies on the use of such products; they therefore play a critical role in pharmaceutical research. Major manufacturers include Corning Incorporated/Costar, Nalgene/Nunc, Greiner Group and Becton Dickinson/Falcon. The web sites of these companies contain a wealth of information.

Finishing In the United States, environmental protection regulations prohibit the use of solvents on polystyrene (which would dissolve the polystyrene and de-foam most of foams anyway).

Some acceptable finishing materials are

Dangers and Fire hazard The health effects caused by consuming polystyrene when it migrates from food containers (primarily from a leaching caused by heat exchange) into food is under serious investigation. Benzene, a material used in the production of polystyrene, is a known human carcinogen. Moreover, butadiene and styrene (in ABS), when combined, become benzene-like in both form and function.

Polystyrene is classified according to DIN4102 as a "B3" product, meaning highly flammable or "easily ignited". Consequently, though it is an efficient insulator at low temperatures, it is prohibited from being used in any exposed installations in building construction as long the material is not Flame retardant e.g. with hexabromocyclododecane. It must be concealed behind drywall, sheet metal or concrete. Foamed plastic materials have been accidentally ignited and caused huge fires and losses. Examples include the Düsseldorf International Airport, the Channel tunnel, where it was inside a railcar and caught on fire, and the Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant, where fire reached through a fire retardant, reached the foamed plastic underneath, inside a firestop that did not consider bounding.

In addition to fire hazard, substances that contain acetone (such as most Aerosol sprays), and cyanoacrylate glues can dissolve polystyrene.

Environmental concerns and bans Expanded polystyrene is not easily recyclable because of its light weight and low scrap value. It is generally not accepted in curbside programs. Expanded polystyrene foam takes a very long time to decompose in the environment and has been documented to cause starvation in birds and other marine wildlife. According to the California Coastal Commission, it is a principal component of marine debris. A CIWMB (California Integrated Waste Management Board) Report finds that “in the categories of energy consumption, greenhouse gas effect, and total environmental effect, EPS’s environmental impacts were second highest, behind aluminum.” CIWMB Report Restricting the use of foamed polystyrene takeout food packaging is a priority of many solid waste environmentalist organizations, like Californians Against Waste.

The city of Berkeley, California was one of the first cities in the world to ban polystyrene food packaging (called Styrofoam in the media announcements). The Berkeley Daily Planet Styrofoam food packaging banned in Oakland It was also banned in Portland, OR, and Suffolk County, NY in 1990. Californians Against Waste website Now, over 20 US cities have banned polystyrene food packaging, including Oakland, CA on Jan 1st 2007. San Francisco Chronical article, June 28, 2006 San Francisco introduced a ban on the packaging on June 1st 2007: San Francisco Chronical article, November 7, 2006 "This is a long time coming," Peskin said Monday. "Polystyrene foam products rely on nonrenewable sources for production, are nearly indestructible and leave a legacy of pollution on our urban and natural environments. If McDonald's could see the light and phase out polystyrene foam more than a decade ago, it's about time San Francisco got with the program." Board of Supervisors President, Aaron Peskin San Francisco Chronical Article, June 27, 2006

A campaign to achieve the first ban of polystyrene foam from the food & beverage industry in Canada has been launched in Toronto as of January 2007, by local non-profit organization NaturoPack. Naturopack Campaign Page

Other cities that have banned expanded polystyrene include Portland, Oakland, and Santa Monica. Both the California and New York legislatures are currently considering bills which would effectively ban expanded polystyrene in all takeout food packaging state-wide. AB 904.

Explosives Polystyrene is used in some polymer-bonded explosives:

Some Polystyrene PBX ExamplesNameExplosive IngredientsBinder IngredientsUsagePBX-9205RDX 92%Polystyrene 6%; DOP 2% PBX-9007RDX 90%Polystyrene 9.1%; DOP 0.5%; resin 0.4%

It is also a component of Napalm and a component of most designs of Teller-Ulam design.

Cleaning Polystyrene can be Dishwasher at 70 °C without deformation.

See also

References

External links

{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em" ||-! colspan="2" align=center bgcolor="#cccccc" |Polystyrene|-|Density|-|[Specific Gravity (s)|10-16 [siemens (unit)/metre|-|Thermal conductivity (k)]|-|Young's modulus (E)]Pascal (unit)|-|Tensile strength (st)]Pascal (unit)|-|Elongation at break|3–4%|-|Notch test]/square metre|-|Glass transition temperature|95 °Degree Celsius|-|Melting point International Labour Organisation chemical safety card for polystyrene]|-|Vicat softening point|90 °Degree CelsiusA.K. vam der Vegt & L.E. Govaert, Polymeren, van keten tot kunstof, ISBN 90-407-2388-5|-|Heat transfer coefficient (Q)]2Kelvin)|-|Coefficient of thermal expansion|8 10-5 /Kelvin|-|Specific heat capacity (c)|1.3 kJ/(kg·K)|-|Absorption (chemistry) (ASTM)|0.03–0.1|-|Decomposition made from the [monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured from petroleum by the chemical industry. At room temperature, polystyrene is normally a solid thermoplastic, but can be melted at higher temperature for Molding (process) or extrusion, then resolidified. Styrene is an Aromaticity monomer, and polystyrene is an aromatic polymer.

Polystyrene was accidentally discovered in 1839 by Eduard Simon, The history of plastics an apothecary in Berlin. From storax, the resin of Liquidambar, he distilled an oily substance, a monomer which he named styrol. Several days later Simon found that the styrol had thickened, presumably from oxidation, into a jelly he dubbed styrol oxide ("Styroloxyd"). By 1845 English chemist John Blyth and German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann showed that the same transformation of styrol took place in the absence of oxygen. They called their substance metastyrol. Analysis later showed that it was chemically identical to Styroloxyd. In 1866 Marcelin Berthelot correctly identified the formation of metastyrol from styrol as a polymerization process. About 80 years went by before it was realized that heating of styrol starts a chain reaction which produces macromolecules, following the thesis of German organic chemist Hermann Staudinger (1881–1965). This eventually led to the substance receiving its present name, polystyrene. The IG Farben company began manufacturing polystyrene in Ludwigshafen, about 1931, hoping it would be a suitable replacement for die cast zinc in many applications. Success was achieved when they developed a reactor vessel that extruded polystyrene through a heated tube and cutter, producing polystyrene in pellet form.

Pure solid polystyrene is a colorless, hard plastic with limited flexibility. It can be cast into molds with fine detail. Polystyrene can be Transparency (optics) or can be made to take on various colors. It is economical and is used for producing plastic model assembly kits, license plate frames, plastic cutlery, CD and DVD packaging, and many other objects where a fairly rigid, economical plastic of any of various colors is desired.

Solid foam Polystyrene's most common use, however, is as expanded polystyrene (EPS). Expanded polystyrene is produced from a mixture of about 90-95% polystyrene and 5-10% gaseous blowing agent, most commonly pentane or carbon dioxide. The solid plastic is expanded into a foam through the use of heat, usually steam. Extruded polystyrene (XPS), which is different from expanded polystyrene (EPS), is commonly known by the trade name Styrofoam. The voids filled with trapped air give it low thermal conductivity. This makes it ideal as a construction material and it is therefore sometimes used in structural insulated panel building systems. It is also used as Thermal insulation in building structures, as molded packing material for cushioning fragile equipment inside boxes, as packing "peanuts", as non-weight-bearing architectural structures (such as column), and also in crafts and model (physical) building, particularly Architecture models. Foamed between two sheets of paper, it makes a more-uniform substitute for corrugated cardboard, tradenamed Fome-Cor. A more unexpected use for the material is as a lightweight fill for embankments in the civil engineering industry http://www.vencel.co.uk/products/civil/design.htm.

Expanded polystyrene used to contain Chlorofluorocarbons, but other, more environmentally-safe blowing agents are now used. Because it is an aromatic hydrocarbon, it burns with an orange-yellow flame, giving off soot, as opposed to non-aromatic hydrocarbon polymers such as polyethylene, which burn with a light yellow flame (often with a blue tinge) and no soot.

Production methods include sheet stamping (PS) and injection molding (both PS and HIPS).

The chemical makeup of polystyrene is a long chain hydrocarbon with every other carbon connected to a Phenyl group (an aromatic ring similar to benzene).



A 3-D model would show that each of the chirality (chemistry) backbone carbons lies at the center of a tetrahedron, with its 4 chemical bond pointing toward the vertices. Say the -C-C- bonds are rotated so that the backbone chain lies entirely in the plane of the diagram. From this flat schematic, it is not evident which of the phenyl (benzene) groups are angled toward us from the plane of the diagram, and which ones are angled away. The isomer where all of them are on the same side is called isotactic polystyrene, which is not produced commercially. Ordinary atactic polystyrene has these large phenyl groups randomness distributed on both sides of the chain. This random positioning prevents the chains from ever aligning with sufficient regularity to achieve any crystallinity, so the plastic has no melting temperature, Tm. But metallocene-catalysis polymerization can produce an ordered syndiotactic polystyrene with the phenyl groups on alternating sides. This form is highly crystalline with a Tm of 270 °C.

Standard markings The resin identification code symbol for polystyrene, developed by the Society of the Plastics Industry so that items can be labeled for easy recycling, is . However, the majority of polystyrene products are currently not recycled because of a lack of suitable recycling facilities. Furthermore, when it is "recycled," it is not a closed loop — polystyrene cups and other packaging materials are usually recycled into fillers in other plastics, or other items that cannot themselves be recycled and is thrown away.

Copolymers Pure polystyrene is toughness, but hardness enough that a fairly high-performance product can be made by giving it some of the properties of a stretchier material, such as polybutadiene rubber. The two such materials can never normally be mixed because of the amplified effect of Polymers#Intermolecular forces on polymer insolubility (see plastic recycling), but if polybutadiene is added during polymerization it can become chemically bonded to the polystyrene, forming a graft copolymer which helps to incorporate normal polybutadiene into the final mix, resulting in high-impact polystyrene or HIPS, often called "high-impact plastic" in advertisements. One commercial name for HIPS is Bextrene. Common applications include use in toys and product casings. HIPS is usually Injection moulding in production. Autoclaving polystyrene can compress and harden the material.

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or ABS plastic is similar to HIPS: a copolymer of acrylonitrile and styrene, toughened with polybutadiene. Most electronics cases are made of this form of polystyrene, as are many sewer pipes. ABS pipes may become brittle over time.

Styrene can be copolymerized with other monomers; for example, divinylbenzene for cross-linking the polystyrene chains.

Cutting and shaping Expanded polystyrene is very easily cut with a hot-wire foam cutter, which is easily made by a heated a taut length of wire, usually nichrome because of nichrome's resistance to oxidation at high temperatures and its suitable electrical conductivity. The hot wire foam cutter works by heating the wire to the point where it can vaporize foam immediately adjacent to it. The foam gets vaporized before actually touching the heated wire, which yields exceptionally smooth cuts.

Polystyrene, shaped and cut with hot wire foam cutters, is used in architecture models, actual signage, amusement parks, movie sets, airplane construction, and much more. Such cutters may cost just a few dollars (for a completely manual cutter) to tens of thousands of dollars for large CNC machines that can be used in high-volume industrial production.

Polystyrene can also be cut with a traditional cutter. In order to do this without ruining the sides of the blade one must first dip the blade in water and cut with the blade at an angle of about 30º. The procedure has to be repeated multiple times for best results.

Polystyrene can also be cut on 3 and 5-axis routers, enabling large-scale prototyping and model-making. Special polystyrene cutters are available that look more like large cylindrical rasps.

Use in biology Petri dishes and other containers such as test tubes, made of polystyrene, play an important role in biomedical research and science. For these uses, articles are almost always made by injection molding, and often sterilized post molding, either by irradiation or treatment with ethylene oxide. Post mold surface modification, usually with oxygen rich plasmas, is often done to introduce polar groups. Much of modern biomedical research relies on the use of such products; they therefore play a critical role in pharmaceutical research. Major manufacturers include Corning Incorporated/Costar, Nalgene/Nunc, Greiner Group and Becton Dickinson/Falcon. The web sites of these companies contain a wealth of information.

Finishing In the United States, environmental protection regulations prohibit the use of solvents on polystyrene (which would dissolve the polystyrene and de-foam most of foams anyway).

Some acceptable finishing materials are

Dangers and Fire hazard The health effects caused by consuming polystyrene when it migrates from food containers (primarily from a leaching caused by heat exchange) into food is under serious investigation. Benzene, a material used in the production of polystyrene, is a known human carcinogen. Moreover, butadiene and styrene (in ABS), when combined, become benzene-like in both form and function.

Polystyrene is classified according to DIN4102 as a "B3" product, meaning highly flammable or "easily ignited". Consequently, though it is an efficient insulator at low temperatures, it is prohibited from being used in any exposed installations in building construction as long the material is not Flame retardant e.g. with hexabromocyclododecane. It must be concealed behind drywall, sheet metal or concrete. Foamed plastic materials have been accidentally ignited and caused huge fires and losses. Examples include the Düsseldorf International Airport, the Channel tunnel, where it was inside a railcar and caught on fire, and the Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant, where fire reached through a fire retardant, reached the foamed plastic underneath, inside a firestop that did not consider bounding.

In addition to fire hazard, substances that contain acetone (such as most Aerosol sprays), and cyanoacrylate glues can dissolve polystyrene.

Environmental concerns and bans Expanded polystyrene is not easily recyclable because of its light weight and low scrap value. It is generally not accepted in curbside programs. Expanded polystyrene foam takes a very long time to decompose in the environment and has been documented to cause starvation in birds and other marine wildlife. According to the California Coastal Commission, it is a principal component of marine debris. A CIWMB (California Integrated Waste Management Board) Report finds that “in the categories of energy consumption, greenhouse gas effect, and total environmental effect, EPS’s environmental impacts were second highest, behind aluminum.” CIWMB Report Restricting the use of foamed polystyrene takeout food packaging is a priority of many solid waste environmentalist organizations, like Californians Against Waste.

The city of Berkeley, California was one of the first cities in the world to ban polystyrene food packaging (called Styrofoam in the media announcements). The Berkeley Daily Planet Styrofoam food packaging banned in Oakland It was also banned in Portland, OR, and Suffolk County, NY in 1990. Californians Against Waste website Now, over 20 US cities have banned polystyrene food packaging, including Oakland, CA on Jan 1st 2007. San Francisco Chronical article, June 28, 2006 San Francisco introduced a ban on the packaging on June 1st 2007: San Francisco Chronical article, November 7, 2006 "This is a long time coming," Peskin said Monday. "Polystyrene foam products rely on nonrenewable sources for production, are nearly indestructible and leave a legacy of pollution on our urban and natural environments. If McDonald's could see the light and phase out polystyrene foam more than a decade ago, it's about time San Francisco got with the program." Board of Supervisors President, Aaron Peskin San Francisco Chronical Article, June 27, 2006

A campaign to achieve the first ban of polystyrene foam from the food & beverage industry in Canada has been launched in Toronto as of January 2007, by local non-profit organization NaturoPack. Naturopack Campaign Page

Other cities that have banned expanded polystyrene include Portland, Oakland, and Santa Monica. Both the California and New York legislatures are currently considering bills which would effectively ban expanded polystyrene in all takeout food packaging state-wide. AB 904.

Explosives Polystyrene is used in some polymer-bonded explosives:

Some Polystyrene PBX ExamplesNameExplosive IngredientsBinder IngredientsUsagePBX-9205RDX 92%Polystyrene 6%; DOP 2% PBX-9007RDX 90%Polystyrene 9.1%; DOP 0.5%; resin 0.4%

It is also a component of Napalm and a component of most designs of Teller-Ulam design.

Cleaning Polystyrene can be Dishwasher at 70 °C without deformation.

See also

References

External links



Polystyrene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Polystyrene IPA: /ˌpɒliˈstaɪriːn/ (IUPAC Polyphenylethene) is an aromatic polymer made from the aromatic monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially ...

Expanded Polystyrene Supplies - Packaging, Models, Flocking ...
Packaging material and architectural mouldings. Profile, history and product range.

Eden Community Recycling Polystyrene Recycling
Polystrene . Clean white polystyrene is accepted. Domestic & Commercial . Flexible collection service available for commercial use. All the polystyrene we collect is recycled in ...

BBC NEWS | Technology | Polystyrene homes planned for Afghans
Some US scientists, engineers and architects are planning to rebuild Afghanistan using polystyrene.

The Expanded Polystyrene Packaging Group
The Expanded Polystyrene Packaging Group is a member of the British Plastics Federation and represents the majority of the UK's manufacturers of moulded expanded polystyrene (EPS ...

The Expanded Polystyrene Packaging Group - Recycling
Recycling EPS Packaging . Thousands of tonnes of EPS are recycled each year by businesses in the UK. If your business has used EPS packaging that could be recycled, the first ...

Polystyrene Balls UK. spheres, eggs, egg, ball, hemisphers, styrofoam ...
Polystyrene balls uk. balls from 20 mm to over 1500 mm ( 5 foot ). hemispheres, eggs, and many other shapes available.

plastics materials Polystyrene HIPS
The British Plastics Federation (BPF) is the Trade Association for the UK Plastics Industry. BPFÕs business units and committees are composed of plastics processors, raw ...

Polystyrene Recycling ( Styrofoam Recycling )
Polystyrene Recycling | The Styromelt machine essentially melts waste Polystyrene (styrofoam) to form small dense briquettes which are sterile, easy to handle and can be stored ...

Polystyrene Protective Packaging by Custompac
Manufacturer of polystyrene packaging and blockmoulding.

 

Polystyrene



 
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